Statistics Mode

Unlike most calculators, Calculator++ does not have a separate statistics mode. All statistical data and functions are active all the time. This makes it much easier to use the results of calculations as statistical data. It also makes it much easier to use the results of statistical calculations as inputs to other calculations. Furthermore, data can be entered in any base from base 2 (binary) through base 36 (hexatrigesimal), and as floating point numbers or signed integers. This is part of the total integration of features which is unique to Calculator++.

User Interface

All the statistical functions and statistics-specific annunciators comprise the buttons and annunciators in the left two columns of the calculator. Some buttons have two functions. Press the 2ndF button to view the second functions of such buttons.

Annunciators

Atop the two leftmost columns are two annunciators stacked vertically. They are both two columns wide, which would be apparent when a large number of data are stored. The top annunciator displays the number of data stored in the calculator. Instead of having to calculate "n", it is constantly updated and displayed. The second annunciator displays the current datum number. When entering a new datum, this number is blank. When editing an existing datum, it is less than or equal to n, but never less than or equal to zero.

Up and Down Arrow Buttons

The up and down arrow buttons are used for rolling up and down through the list of statistical data.

Statistical Function Buttons

The remaining statistics buttons will be described in examples later in this chapter. To go directly to an explanation of a particular button, read the "Buttons" chapter.

Entering Statistical Data

Single or double variable data can be entered, replaced, or deleted using the [Σ+] and [Σ-] buttons.

Single Variable Data

Click the [Σc] to clear existing statistical data. Alternatively, you can click [AC], but keep in mind that it will delete all data, including the current calculation, the RPN stack (when in RPN mode), the result of any unit conversion, and what is stored in memory. Next, enter a number, or perform a calculation, then click [Σ+]. The top annunciator now displays "n=1". Enter several more data in the same fashion.

Each time you entered a datum, two numbers were stored in each register. The X register for each stored the number you entered, and the Y register stored the weight, which is by default 1. The weight values are used when calculating weighted averages.

Click [▲] and [▼] to roll up and down through the statistics data. To enter new data, click [▼] until the second annunciator is blank.

Double Variable Data

Click the [Σc] to clear existing statistical data. Next, enter a number, or perform a calculation, then click [Y+]. You will see that the statistics annunciators don't change values. This is because the Y register is for the weight only. Now, enter another number, then click [Σ+]. This time, the top annunciator now displays "n=1". Enter several more data in the same fashion.

Click [▲] and [▼] to roll up and down through the statistics data. To view the Y register for a particular datum, click [2nd], then click [Y]. To enter new data, click [▼] until the second annunciator becomes blank.

Correcting Data

Correcting statistical data is done in essentially the same manner as entering new data.

To replace a single variable datum, click [▲] or [▼] to roll up or down through the statistics data until it is displayed. Enter a new number or calculation, then click [Σ+]. The annunciators don't change because no new datum is added, and the current datum is the same.

To replace a double variable datum, click [▲] or [▼] to roll up or down through the statistics data until it is displayed. Enter a number, or perform a calculation, then click [Y+]. Enter a new number or calculation, then click [Σ+].

To replace only the Y register of a double variable datum, click [▲] or [▼] to roll up or down through the statistics data until it is displayed. Enter a number, or perform a calculation, then click [Y+].

Statistical Functions

Statistical functions can be calculated by clicking the respective buttons. Some buttons have second functions. To use the second functions, click [2ndF].

Mean (Average; Arithmetic Mean; Arithmetic Average)

Enter statistical data as described above. Click [AVG]. The statistical mean (average) is calculated, and appears in the display.

Geometric Average (Geometric Mean)

Enter statistical data as described above. Click [GVG]. The statistical geometric mean (average) is calculated, and appears in the display.

Weighted Mean (Weighted Average)

Enter double variable statistical data as described above. Click [2ndF], then click [WAV]. The statistical weighted mean (weighted average) is calculated, and appears in the display.

Median

Enter statistical data as described above. Click [MED]. The statistical median is calculated, and appears in the display.

Range

Enter statistical data as described above. Click [2ndF], then click [RNG]. The range, from highest number to smallest number, is calculated, and appears in the display.

Minimum

Enter statistical data as described above. Click [MIN]. The largest number in the data appears in the display.

Maximum

Enter statistical data as described above. Click [2ndF], then click [MAX]. The smallest number in the data appears in the display.

Sum

Enter statistical data as described above. Click [Σx]. The sum of all the data is calculated, and appears in the display.

Sum of Squares

Enter statistical data as described above. Click [2ndF], then click [Σx²]. The sum of all the data is calculated, and appears in the display.

Sample Standard Deviation

Enter statistical data as described above. Click [S]. The sample standard deviation is calculated, and appears in the display.

Population Standard Deviation

Enter statistical data as described above. Click [2ndF], then click [σ]. The population standard deviation is calculated, and appears in the display.

Precision Capability

Enter statistical data as described above. Enter a number for the upper statistical limit, then click [USL]. Enter a number for the lower statistical limit, then click [LSL]. Click [CP]. The precision capability is calculated, and appears in the display.

Process Capability

Enter statistical data as described above. Enter a number for the upper statistical limit, then click [USL]. Enter a number for the lower statistical limit, then click [LSL]. Click [2ndF], then click [CPK]. The process capability is calculated, and appears in the display.